Muscaris

Primary buds start to die near -10°F. Handles a normal cold-climate winter, but a hard freeze is a risk.

Needs roughly 2300 growing degree-days to ripen, an early-season variety (Winkler I-II). Finishes early, well before a hard fall frost.

Foliar-disease pressure is moderate for this variety, a regular spray program in a humid climate. Regular cover sprays through the wet months.

Susceptible to Pierce's disease. Only a threat in the warm, humid South and parts of California; cold-winter regions cure it naturally.

Moderate vigor. Easier to balance; tolerates more fertile ground.

Low heat tolerance. Bakes and loses acid on hot sites; favors cooler ground.

Moderate water demand. Average moisture needs for a wine grape.

Prefers soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Outside the band, lime or sulfur brings it in range.

Phylloxera-tolerant: own-rooted vines are fine.