Merlot

Vinifera redWidely available

Also known as: Bordo, Merlau, Merlot

Thinner skin and earlier budbreak raise bunch-rot and frost exposure here.

Across the consideration criteria

What it makes

Medium-fullDryOak requiredLong (7–15 yr)Stands alone or blends

Aromatic family

Black FruitRed FruitEarthy Savory

Tasting notes

Black PlumCherryChocolateCedarMocha

Often blended with

Cabernet SauvignonCabernet FrancPetit VerdotMalbec

How it grows

Cold hardiness
-5°F
Ripening
Late-season
Vigor
Moderate
Disease tolerance
Moderate
Drainage need
Well
Soil pH
6–6.8
Graft requirement
Graft Required
US availability
Widely Available

Considerations

Winter hardiness≈ -5°F
TenderVery hardy

Primary buds start to die near -5°F. Cold-tender; wants a mild winter or protected site.

Season needed3150 GDD
Early / shortLate / long

Needs roughly 3150 growing degree-days to ripen, a late-season variety (Winkler III). Wants a long, warm season; marginal in cool regions.

Spray / disease loadintensive
HeavyLight

Foliar-disease pressure is heavy for this variety, a intensive spray program in a humid climate. Plan on a full, well-timed fungicide schedule.

Pierce's diseaseSusceptible
SusceptibleResistant

Susceptible to Pierce's disease. Only a threat in the warm, humid South and parts of California; cold-winter regions cure it naturally.

VigorModerate
LowHigh

Moderate vigor. Easier to balance; tolerates more fertile ground.

Heat toleranceHigh
Cool-climateHeat-loving

High heat tolerance. Holds up to a hot, sunny season.

Water demandModerate
Drought-adaptedThirsty

Moderate water demand. Average moisture needs for a wine grape.

Soil pH window6.0–6.8
Acidic 4.5Alkaline 8.5

Prefers soil pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Outside the band, lime or sulfur brings it in range.

RootstockGraft
Own-rooted OKGraft required

Phylloxera-susceptible: plant grafted onto resistant rootstock.

These are intrinsic to the grape. On a real property, Folia scores each against your site; here they're shown on their own.

Grows alike

similar to grow

Climate-adapted alternatives

more resilient picks

Could Merlot grow on your land?

See how Merlot scores against your specific property, with local precedent, climate, and the tradeoffs for your ground.

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